Global cities and survival circuits sassen pdf when today's media policy and economic analyst1/10/2024 ![]() For instance, under the Japan-Indonesia EPA, the percentage of all items exported from Japan to Indonesia that were duty-free rose from 34% to over 90%, while the percentage of duty-free exported items from Indonesia to Japan was even higher (93%), showing a jump from 71%. ![]() Although the healthcare workforce mobility clause was added to the EPAs with Indonesia and Vietnam based on the JP-EPA precedent, there appeared to be an imbalance in terms of the economic benefits gained through pure trade between Japan and the two countries. For example, Japan was interested in cutting tariffs on high-value-added products such as automobiles through the JP-EPA, while the Filipino side showed reluctance to this idea, instead favouring the liberalisation of workforce mobility (Kaku et al., 2010). The inclusion of healthcare workforce migration in the Japan-Philippines EPA (JP-EPA) was in dispute at the planning stage, because the JP-EPA without this provision might have been too advantageous for Japan, due to differences in export/import volume between Japan and the partner countries and in the economic values of these trade items. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |